专升本英语易错知识点汇总

专升本英语易错知识点汇总，大家一定要学习！

1：动词的时态语态

英语中有 16 种时态，但较常用的有十种：一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在进行时，过去进行时，过去将来时，将来进行时，过去完成时，现在完成时和现在完成进行时。

主动形式

状态时间	现在	过去	将来	过去将来
一般	do	did	will/shall do	should/would do
进行	am/is/are doing	was/were doing	will/shall be doing	/
完成	have/has done	had done	will/shall have done	should/would have done
完成进行时	have/has been doing	had been doing	/	/

被动形式（以give为例）

状态时间	现在	过去	将来	过去将来
一般	am/is/are given	was/were given	will/shall be given	should/would be given
进行	am/is/are being given	was/were being given	/	/
完成	have/has been given	had been given	will/shall have been given	should/would have been given
完成进行时	/	/	/	/

2：非谓语动词

非谓语动词	语态	一般式	完成式
不定式	主动	to do	to have done
被动	to be done	to have been done
动词-ing 形式（动名词&现在分词）	主动	doing	having done
被动	being done	having been done
动词-ed 形式（过去分词）		done

3：虚拟语气

if 引导的非真实条件句

时间	if 条件从句的谓语动词	主句的谓语动词
与现在事实相反	动词过去式（be 用 were 表示）	should/would/could/might+动词原形
与过去事实相反	had done	should/would/could/might+have done
与将来事实相反	动词过去式（be 用 were 表示）或 should do或 were to+do	should/would/could/might+动词原形

4：主谓一致

（1）：就近原则

谓语动词的单、复数形式决定于最靠近它的词语（主要指名词）的单、复数形式。主要包括：there be 句型，还有连词 or, either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…, not…but…等连接的并列成分。

（2）：就远原则

谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于离它较远的词语的情况。主要是指主语后面有 with, together with, as well as, no less than, along with, like, rather than, but, except, including, in addition to 等短语+名词时，谓语动词不受这些短语的影响，仍然与主语保持一致。

5：倒装

（1）：完全倒装

（a）：表示地点和运动方向的副词here, there, up, down, in, out, off, away 等副词开头的句子，需用完全倒装。

（b）：表示时间的副词now, then 等副词开头的句子，谓语动词为 come, go, be, follow 等时，需用完全倒装。

注意：如果主语是代词，即使该类词置于句首，依然用正常语序。

Ahead sat an old woman.

In came the teacher and the lesson began.

（c）：表示地点的介词短语作状语位于句首，起强调作用

Under the tree stood two tables and four chairs.

（2）：部分倒装

（a）：never, hardly, scarcely, seldom, little, not until, no, in no case, by no means, on no account 等表示否定意义的副词或介词短语放于句首。

注意：当 not until 引导的是从句时，until 从句的主谓不可倒装，只是主句需要倒装。

Hardly did I know what had happened.

Not until last year did her father know the truth.

Not until he returned did we have supper.

In no case should we abandon her.

（b）：only 和修饰的状语放于句首

Only then did he realize the importance of English.

Only in this way can you solve this problem.

（c）：not only…but also 连接并列的句子，前倒后不倒

Not only does he know French, but also he is expert at it.

（d）：neither…nor…连接并列的句子，前后都倒装

Neither do I know it, nor do I care about it.

（e）：so…that, such…that 中的 so 或such 及修饰的成分放于句首时，前倒后不倒 So busy is he that he cannot go on a holiday.

Such a good boy is he that everyone likes him.

（f）：as 引导的让步状语，把需要强调的部分提前（如名词、动词、形容词、副词），然后再加陈述句的其他部分。

注意：名词单数省去冠词。

Hard as he works, he doesn’t get promoted.

（g）：so, neither 或 nor 表示前句内容也适用于另外的人或事

Tom can speak French. So can Jack.

（h）：用于表示祝愿的祈使句中 May you be in good health!

（i）：省略 if 的虚拟条件 Were I you, I would not do it in this way.

6：名词性从句

在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句，它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

名词性从句连接词的用法

7：定词性从句

定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在从句中作定语，修饰一个名词、名词词组或代词，被修饰的名词、词组或代词即为先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。

定语从句关系词的用法（看从句成分）

8：状语从句

状语从句在复合句中作状语。根据句子的含义，它可表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、行为方式、比较、让步等。

状语从句一般由连词（从属连词）引导，也可以由词组引起。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开，位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。

状语从句的构成：

引导词+状语从句+“,”+主句：When she came in, I stopped eating.

主句+引导词+状语从句：We were about to leave when he came in.

状语从句的关键是掌握不同状语从句的常用连接词和一些特殊的连接词。

状语从句引导词的用法

引导时间状语	when, whenever, while, as, before, after, until, till, by the time, hardly…when, as soon as, no sooner…than, the moment, the minute, immediately, directly, instantly
引导地点状语	where, wherever
引导原因状语	because, as, since, now that, in that
引导条件状语	if, unless, once, in case, as long as, on condition that
引导结果状语	so…that, such…that
引导目的状语	so that, in order that, for fear that, lest
引导比较状语	than, as…as, not so/as…as, the more… the more
引导方式状语	as if, as though, as
引导让步状语	though, although, even if, even though, as, whether, no matter what, whatever, no matter who, whoever, no matter which, whichever, no matter how, however, no matter when, whenever